Hard Problems
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Every control system embeds assumptions about what can go wrong.

Erik HollnagelSafety-I and Safety-II, 2014

The word assumptions is the hinge. In a simplification that makes one dashboard look better, it tells you which part of the situation is structural, not personal. That is the part you have to design around.

In a simplification that makes one dashboard look better, the phrase can feel abstract until the system bites. It shows up as a local optimization that creates global instability, where local logic produces global trouble. If you introduce a measure, name the distortion it creates, because the distortion is part of the cost you are choosing.

Erik Hollnagel is a reminder to keep it concrete. Write the hidden assumption as a sentence, then choose the signal that would break it. Be calm and explicit.

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