"Judgment requires accepting that some losses are the price of coherence.
A standard is a commitment you make to your future self. In a design review where dissent is real but time is short, it exists so you do not have to reinvent judgment every time the room is loud.
In a design review where dissent is real but time is short, the exception will sound reasonable and urgent. If the exception path is fuzzy, enforcement becomes personal and the standard becomes optional. That is how dissent turns into resentment. Clarity is not certainty; it is a small commitment the team can execute without reopening the decision at every update.
Albert O. Hirschman is useful here because it forces precision. Write the standard in enforceable language, then name the only acceptable exception signal and who can approve it. Do not hide the cost in prose.