Hard Problems
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Organizations adapt explanations faster than underlying structures.

Geoffrey VickersThe Art of Judgment, 1965

In a cost-cutting push that targets redundancy, discussion starts to feel like progress. It is motion without a boundary.

When the boundary is unwritten, people optimize for what is legible and defensible, not for what is true. That is how you get busywork and brittle systems. Name what you are refusing to optimize, so future changes do not quietly destroy the property you thought you were protecting. Do not hide the tradeoff in prose; make it two lines so it stays readable when time is short.

Name the assumption and the observable signal that would invalidate it. That is what makes execution calmer. Let the boundary do the work.

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